States of Matter and Phase Transitions
- 1895 – Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength
- 1911 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity
- 1912 – Pieter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid
- 1925 – Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising
model and models ferromagnetism as a cooperative spin phenomenon - 1933 – Walter Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism
- 1942 – Hannes Alfven predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas
- 1944 – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional
Ising model - 1957 – John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS
theory of superconductivity - 1958 – Rudolf Mossbauer finds the Mossbauer crystal recoil effect
- 1972 – Douglas Osheroff, Robert Richardson, and David Lee discover that
helium-3 can become a superfluid - 1974 – Kenneth Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for
treating phase transitions - 1987 – Alex Muller and Georg Bednorz discover high critical temperature
ceramic superconductors